towhee.models.drl.until_module.AllGather

class towhee.models.drl.until_module.AllGather(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: Function

An autograd function that performs allgather on a tensor.

Methods

apply
backward	Defines a formula for differentiating the operation with backward mode automatic differentiation (alias to the vjp function).
forward	Performs the operation.
jvp	Defines a formula for differentiating the operation with forward mode automatic differentiation.
mark_dirty	Marks given tensors as modified in an in-place operation.
mark_non_differentiable	Marks outputs as non-differentiable.
mark_shared_storage
name
register_hook
save_for_backward	Saves given tensors for a future call to backward().
save_for_forward	Saves given tensors for a future call to jvp().
set_materialize_grads	Sets whether to materialize output grad tensors.
vjp	Defines a formula for differentiating the operation with backward mode automatic differentiation (alias to the vjp function).

Attributes

dirty_tensors
is_traceable
materialize_grads
metadata
needs_input_grad
next_functions
non_differentiable
requires_grad
saved_for_forward
saved_tensors
saved_variables
to_save

__call__(*args, **kwargs)

Call self as a function.

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

static backward(ctx, grad_output)

Defines a formula for differentiating the operation with backward mode automatic differentiation (alias to the vjp function).

This function is to be overridden by all subclasses.

It must accept a context ctx as the first argument, followed by as many outputs as the forward() returned (None will be passed in for non tensor outputs of the forward function), and it should return as many tensors, as there were inputs to forward(). Each argument is the gradient w.r.t the given output, and each returned value should be the gradient w.r.t. the corresponding input. If an input is not a Tensor or is a Tensor not requiring grads, you can just pass None as a gradient for that input.

The context can be used to retrieve tensors saved during the forward pass. It also has an attribute ctx.needs_input_grad as a tuple of booleans representing whether each input needs gradient. E.g., backward() will have ctx.needs_input_grad[0] = True if the first input to forward() needs gradient computated w.r.t. the output.

static forward(ctx, tensor, args)

Performs the operation.

This function is to be overridden by all subclasses.

It must accept a context ctx as the first argument, followed by any number of arguments (tensors or other types).

The context can be used to store arbitrary data that can be then retrieved during the backward pass. Tensors should not be stored directly on ctx (though this is not currently enforced for backward compatibility). Instead, tensors should be saved either with ctx.save_for_backward() if they are intended to be used in backward (equivalently, vjp) or ctx.save_for_forward() if they are intended to be used for in jvp.

static jvp(ctx: Any, *grad_inputs: Any) → Any

Defines a formula for differentiating the operation with forward mode automatic differentiation. This function is to be overridden by all subclasses. It must accept a context ctx as the first argument, followed by as many inputs as the forward() got (None will be passed in for non tensor inputs of the forward function), and it should return as many tensors as there were outputs to forward(). Each argument is the gradient w.r.t the given input, and each returned value should be the gradient w.r.t. the corresponding output. If an output is not a Tensor or the function is not differentiable with respect to that output, you can just pass None as a gradient for that input.

You can use the ctx object to pass any value from the forward to this functions.

mark_dirty(*args: Tensor)

Marks given tensors as modified in an in-place operation.

This should be called at most once, only from inside the forward() method, and all arguments should be inputs.

Every tensor that’s been modified in-place in a call to forward() should be given to this function, to ensure correctness of our checks. It doesn’t matter whether the function is called before or after modification.

Examples::

>>> class Inplace(Function):
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def forward(ctx, x):
>>>         x_npy = x.numpy() # x_npy shares storage with x
>>>         x_npy += 1
>>>         ctx.mark_dirty(x)
>>>         return x
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     @once_differentiable
>>>     def backward(ctx, grad_output):
>>>         return grad_output
>>>
>>> a = torch.tensor(1., requires_grad=True, dtype=torch.double).clone()
>>> b = a * a
>>> Inplace.apply(a)  # This would lead to wrong gradients!
>>>                   # but the engine would not know unless we mark_dirty
>>> b.backward() # RuntimeError: one of the variables needed for gradient
>>>              # computation has been modified by an inplace operation

mark_non_differentiable(*args: Tensor)

Marks outputs as non-differentiable.

This should be called at most once, only from inside the forward() method, and all arguments should be tensor outputs.

This will mark outputs as not requiring gradients, increasing the efficiency of backward computation. You still need to accept a gradient for each output in backward(), but it’s always going to be a zero tensor with the same shape as the shape of a corresponding output.

This is used e.g. for indices returned from a sort. See example::

>>> class Func(Function):
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def forward(ctx, x):
>>>         sorted, idx = x.sort()
>>>         ctx.mark_non_differentiable(idx)
>>>         ctx.save_for_backward(x, idx)
>>>         return sorted, idx
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     @once_differentiable
>>>     def backward(ctx, g1, g2):  # still need to accept g2
>>>         x, idx = ctx.saved_tensors
>>>         grad_input = torch.zeros_like(x)
>>>         grad_input.index_add_(0, idx, g1)
>>>         return grad_input

save_for_backward(*tensors: Tensor)

Saves given tensors for a future call to backward().

save_for_backward should be called at most once, only from inside the forward() method, and only with tensors.

All tensors intended to be used in the backward pass should be saved with save_for_backward (as opposed to directly on ctx) to prevent incorrect gradients and memory leaks, and enable the application of saved tensor hooks. See torch.autograd.graph.saved_tensors_hooks.

In backward(), saved tensors can be accessed through the saved_tensors attribute. Before returning them to the user, a check is made to ensure they weren’t used in any in-place operation that modified their content.

Arguments can also be None. This is a no-op.

See extending-autograd for more details on how to use this method.

Example::

>>> class Func(Function):
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def forward(ctx, x: torch.Tensor, y: torch.Tensor, z: int):
>>>         w = x * y * z
>>>         out = x * y + y * z + w
>>>         ctx.save_for_backward(x, y, w, out)
>>>         ctx.z = z  # z is not a tensor
>>>         return out
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def backward(ctx, grad_out):
>>>         x, y, w, out = ctx.saved_tensors
>>>         z = ctx.z
>>>         gx = grad_out * (y + y * z)
>>>         gy = grad_out * (x + z + x * z)
>>>         gz = None
>>>         return gx, gy, gz
>>>
>>> a = torch.tensor(1., requires_grad=True, dtype=torch.double)
>>> b = torch.tensor(2., requires_grad=True, dtype=torch.double)
>>> c = 4
>>> d = Func.apply(a, b, c)

save_for_forward(*tensors: Tensor)

Saves given tensors for a future call to jvp().

save_for_forward should be only called once, from inside the forward() method, and only be called with tensors.

In jvp(), saved objects can be accessed through the saved_tensors attribute.

Arguments can also be None. This is a no-op.

See extending-autograd for more details on how to use this method.

Example::

>>> class Func(torch.autograd.Function):
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def forward(ctx, x: torch.Tensor, y: torch.Tensor, z: int):
>>>         ctx.save_for_backward(x, y)
>>>         ctx.save_for_forward(x, y)
>>>         ctx.z = z
>>>         return x * y * z
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def jvp(ctx, x_t, y_t, _):
>>>         x, y = ctx.saved_tensors
>>>         z = ctx.z
>>>         return z * (y * x_t + x * y_t)
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def vjp(ctx, grad_out):
>>>         x, y = ctx.saved_tensors
>>>         z = ctx.z
>>>         return z * grad_out * y, z * grad_out * x, None
>>>
>>>     a = torch.tensor(1., requires_grad=True, dtype=torch.double)
>>>     t = torch.tensor(1., dtype=torch.double)
>>>     b = torch.tensor(2., requires_grad=True, dtype=torch.double)
>>>     c = 4
>>>
>>>     with fwAD.dual_level():
>>>         a_dual = fwAD.make_dual(a, t)
>>>         d = Func.apply(a_dual, b, c)

set_materialize_grads(value: bool)

Sets whether to materialize output grad tensors. Default is True.

This should be called only from inside the forward() method

If True, undefined output grad tensors will be expanded to tensors full of zeros prior to calling the backward() method.

Example::

>>> class SimpleFunc(Function):
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def forward(ctx, x):
>>>         return x.clone(), x.clone()
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     @once_differentiable
>>>     def backward(ctx, g1, g2):
>>>         return g1 + g2  # No check for None necessary
>>>
>>> # We modify SimpleFunc to handle non-materialized grad outputs
>>> class Func(Function):
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     def forward(ctx, x):
>>>         ctx.set_materialize_grads(False)
>>>         ctx.save_for_backward(x)
>>>         return x.clone(), x.clone()
>>>
>>>     @staticmethod
>>>     @once_differentiable
>>>     def backward(ctx, g1, g2):
>>>         x, = ctx.saved_tensors
>>>         grad_input = torch.zeros_like(x)
>>>         if g1 is not None:  # We must check for None now
>>>             grad_input += g1
>>>         if g2 is not None:
>>>             grad_input += g2
>>>         return grad_input
>>>
>>> a = torch.tensor(1., requires_grad=True)
>>> b, _ = Func.apply(a)  # induces g2 to be undefined

static vjp(ctx: Any, *grad_outputs: Any) → Any

Defines a formula for differentiating the operation with backward mode automatic differentiation (alias to the vjp function).

This function is to be overridden by all subclasses.

It must accept a context ctx as the first argument, followed by as many outputs as the forward() returned (None will be passed in for non tensor outputs of the forward function), and it should return as many tensors, as there were inputs to forward(). Each argument is the gradient w.r.t the given output, and each returned value should be the gradient w.r.t. the corresponding input. If an input is not a Tensor or is a Tensor not requiring grads, you can just pass None as a gradient for that input.

The context can be used to retrieve tensors saved during the forward pass. It also has an attribute ctx.needs_input_grad as a tuple of booleans representing whether each input needs gradient. E.g., backward() will have ctx.needs_input_grad[0] = True if the first input to forward() needs gradient computated w.r.t. the output.